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    断路器的工作原理上海大发国际电器厂说说

    2020/12/29 15:22:22      点击:

    断路器的工作原理,以下介绍一下:

    断路器一般由触头系统、灭弧系统、操作机构、脱扣器、外壳等构成。

    当短路时,大电流(一般10至12倍)产生的磁场克服反力弹簧,脱扣器拉动操作机构动作,开关瞬时跳闸。当过载时,电流变大,发热量加剧,双金属片变形到一定程度推动机构动作(电流越大,动作时间越短)。

    有电子型的,使用互感器采集各相电流大小,与设定值比较,当电流异常时微处理器发出信号,使电子脱扣器带动操作机构动作。

    断路器的作用是切断和接通负荷电路,以及切断故障电路,防止事故扩大,保证安全运行。而高压断路器要开断1500V,电流为1500-2000A的电弧,这些电弧可拉长至2m仍然继续燃烧不熄灭。故灭弧是高压断路器必须解决的问题。

    吹弧熄弧的原理主要是冷却电弧减弱热游离,另一方面通过吹弧拉长电弧加强带电粒子的复合和扩散,同时把弧隙中的带电粒子吹散,迅速恢复介质的绝缘强度。

    低压断路器也称为自动空气开关,可用来接通和分断负载电路,也可用来控制不频繁起动的电动机。它功能相当于闸刀开关、过电流继电器、失压继电器、热继电器及漏电保护器等电器部分或全部的功能总和,是低压配电网中一种重要的保护电器。

    低压断路器具有多种保护功能(过载、短路、欠电压保护等)、动作值可调、分断能力高、操作方便、安全等优点,所以被广泛应用。结构和工作原理低压断路器由操作机构、触点、保护装置(各种脱扣器)、灭弧系统等组成。

    低压断路器的主触点是靠手动操作或电动合闸的。主触点闭合后,自由脱扣机构将主触点锁在合闸位置上。过电流脱扣器的线圈和热脱扣器的热元件与主电路串联,欠电压脱扣器的线圈和电源并联。当电路发生短路或严重过载时,过电流脱扣器的衔铁吸合,使自由脱扣机构动作,主触点断开主电路。当电路过载时,热脱扣器的热元件发热使双金属片上弯曲,推动自由脱扣机构动作。当电路欠电压时,欠电压脱扣器的衔铁释放。也使自由脱扣机构动作。分励脱扣器则作为远距离控制用,在正常工作时,其线圈是断电的,在需要距离控制时,按下起动按钮,使线圈通电。

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